Ib Alsina 1, Ieva Erdberga ib 1*, Mara Duma 2, Reinis Alksnis3 thiab Laila Dubova 1
1 Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Av thiab Nroj Tsuag Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences thiab Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia,
2 Department of Chemistry, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences thiab Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia,
3 Department of Mathematics, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences thiab Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
TAW qHIA
Raws li kev nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus hauv kev ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tib neeg lub neej loj hlob, lub siab ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov zoo yog nce. Txiv lws suav, raws li qhov thib ob loj hlob zaub [raws li Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) txheeb cais rau 2019], yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm yuav luag txhua lub teb chaws.
Kev txwv tsis pub muaj calorie ntau ntau, cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau, thiab muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov vitamins, thiab phenols, xws li flavonoids, ua rau txiv lws suav yog ib qho zoo heev "cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig" muab ntau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus yooj yim. (1). Cov khoom siv biochemically pom muaj nyob hauv txiv lws suav, feem ntau yog vim lawv lub peev xwm antioxidant siab, tau lees paub tsis yog rau kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj yog kev xaiv kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob, xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, thiab toxicity. (2-one). Cov txiv lws suav siav muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3.0-8.88% cov khoom qhuav, uas muaj 25% fructose, 22% qabzib, 1% sucrose, 9% citric acid, 4% malic acid, 8% minerals, 8% protein, 7% pectin , 6% cellulose, 4% hemicellulose, 2% lipids, thiab 4% ntxiv yog amino acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, thiab pigments (5, 6). Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tebchaw no txawv nyob ntawm genotype, loj hlob tej yam kev mob, thiab kev loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo theem. Txiv lws suav cov nroj tsuag yog cov rhiab heev rau ib puag ncig yam, xws li lub teeb, kub, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub substrate, uas ua rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag metabolism, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj feem xyuam rau qhov zoo thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. (7). Ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob cuam tshuam rau cov txiv lws suav physiology thiab cov synthesis ntawm cov metabolites thib ob. Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce lawv cov khoom antioxidant (8).
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm txiv lws suav ua ib hom yog txuas mus rau Central American cheeb tsam (9) thiab cov tswv yim, xws li kev tsim vaj tsev cog khoom kom muab qhov tsim nyog kub thiab lub teeb rau txiv lws suav, feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom tsim nyog agroclimatic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam huab cua sov thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub teeb feem ntau yog qhov txwv rau kev loj hlob txiv lws suav. Ntxiv cov teeb pom kev zoo thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov tso cai tsim cov txiv lws suav zoo thaum lub sijhawm hnub ci qis.
(10) . Kev siv cov teeb uas muaj qhov sib txawv wavelengths tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua kom muaj cov txiv lws suav txaus, tab sis kuj hloov cov biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv lws suav. Rau 60 xyoo dhau los, high-pressure sodium teeb (HPSLs) tau siv hauv kev lag luam tsev cog khoom vim lawv lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab cov nqi tau txais tsawg.
(11) . Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, lub teeb-emitting diodes (LEDs) tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam dua li lwm txoj hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob. (12). Supplemental LED tau siv los ua lub teeb pom kev zoo kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov txiv lws suav ntau lawm. Lycopene thiab lutein cov ntsiab lus hauv cov txiv lws suav yog 18 thiab 142% siab dua thaum lawv raug rau cov teeb pom kev ntxiv LED. Txawm li cas los xij, в-carotene cov ntsiab lus tsis txawv ntawm kev kho lub teeb (12). LED xiav thiab liab teeb nce lycopene thiab в- cov ntsiab lus carotene (13), ua rau thaum ntxov ripening ntawm txiv lws suav txiv hmab txiv ntoo (14). Soluble qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv lws suav siav tau txo los ntawm ntev-liab liab (FR) lub teeb ntev (15). Analogous cov lus xaus tau kos rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Xie: lub teeb liab induces lycopene tsub zuj zuj, tab sis FR lub teeb reverses cov nyhuv no. (13). Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb xiav rau kev loj hlob txiv lws suav, tab sis kev tshawb fawb qhia tias lub teeb xiav muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg dua ntawm cov tshuaj biochemical hauv cov txiv lws suav, tab sis ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg. Piv txwv li, Kong thiab lwm tus tau pom tias lub teeb xiav zoo dua siv los ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov txiv lws suav, vim lub teeb xiav ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ruaj khov. (16), uas qhov tseem ceeb txhais tau hais tias lub teeb xiav ua rau qeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ripening, uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov suab thaj thiab pigments. Kev siv cov npog tsev cog khoom raws li kev tswj hwm cov teeb pom kev zoo ua pov thawj zoo ib yam. Kev siv cov txheej txheej nrog lub teeb liab liab thiab qis dua xiav lub teeb kis tau tus mob nce cov ntsiab lus lycopene li ntawm 25%. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog ib tug photoperiod nce los ntawm 11 mus rau 12 h, tus nqi ntawm lycopene nce li ntawm 70% (17). Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv lws suav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj tej yam kev mob, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem nce los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog txo cov dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog genotypespecific rau ntau yam thiab theem kev loj hlob (1, 18). Cov dej tsis txaus yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav vim qhov nce ntawm tag nrho cov soluble solids (qab zib, amino acids, thiab organic acids), uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo dua vim tias nws cuam tshuam rau qhov tsw thiab saj (8).
Txawm hais tias tau tshaj tawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub teeb spectrum ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov nroj tsuag metabolites, kev paub dav dav ntawm cov teebmeem sib txawv rau kev txhim kho cov txiv lws suav zoo. Yog li, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov teeb pom kev ntxiv siv hauv tsev cog khoom ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov metabolites thawj thiab theem nrab hauv cov txiv lws suav sib txawv. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus spectral ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab metabolites hauv txiv lws suav. Cov kev paub uas tau txais yuav txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tawm los thiab nws qhov zoo.
COV NTAUB NTAWV THIAB KEV HLOOV
Cov khoom cog thiab cog qoob loo Kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv tsev xog paj (4 hli cell polycarbonate) ntawm lub koom haum ntawm av thiab cog kev tshawb fawb, Latvia University of Life Sciences thiab Technologies 56°39; N23°43'E thaum 2018/2019, 2019/2020, thiab 2020/2021 lig caij nplooj zeeg-caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kev lag luam grafted txiv lws suav (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars "Bolzano F1" (txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim-txiv kab ntxwv), "Chocomate F1" (txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim-liab-xim av), thiab liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cultivars "Diamont F1," "Encore F1," thiab " Strabena F1" tau siv. Txhua tsob nroj muaj ob lub taub hau thiab thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob, nws tau trellised rau ib tug high-xaim system. Tau txais cov nroj tsuag, thawj zaug, tau hloov pauv hauv cov thawv yas dub nrog "Laflora" peat substrate KKS-5, pHKCl 5.2-6.0, thiab feem loj 0-20 hli, PG sib tov (NPK 15-1020) 1.2 kg m-3, Ca 1.78%, thiab Mg 0.21%. Thaum cov nroj tsuag mus txog qhov anthesis, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv 15 L dub yas ntim nrog tib "Laflora" peat substrate KKS-2. Cov nroj tsuag tau fertilized ib zaug ib lub lim tiam nrog 1% daws ntawm Kristalon Green (NPK 18-18-18) nrog Mg, S, thiab microelements thaum lub sij hawm vegetative theem ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thiab nrog Kristalon liab (NPK 12-12-36) nrog microelements los yog 1 % Ca (NO3)2 Thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, nyob rau hauv proportions 300 ml ib L ntawm substratum.
Cov dej ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov zaub ntim tau khaws cia ntawm 50-80% ntawm tag nrho cov dej tuav. Qhov nruab nrab nruab hnub / hmo ntuj kub yog 20-22°C/17-18°C.
Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws thaum nruab hnub (Lub Peb Hlis) tsis tshaj 32°C thiab qhov kub tsawg (Kaum Ib Hlis) thaum hmo ntuj tsis yog <12°C. Kub kuj tau ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov kev ncua deb 50, 100, thiab 150 cm ntawm lub luminaire. Nws tau pom tias nyob rau hauv HPSL 50 cm ntawm lub luminaire, kub yog 1.5°C siab dua hauv qab lwm tus. Qhov kub sib txawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qib tsis tau kuaj pom.
Teeb pom kev zoo
Txiv lws suav tau cog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg-caij nplooj ntoos hlav los ntawm kev siv teeb pom kev ntxiv nrog rau 16 h photoperiod. Peb qhov teeb pom kev sib txawv tau siv: Led cob Helle sab saum toj LED 280 (LED), induction (IND) teeb, thiab HPSL Helle Magna (HPSL). Ntawm qhov siab apex, cov nroj tsuag tau txais 200 ± 30 ^mol ua m-2 s-1 nyob rau hauv LED thiab HPSL thiab 170 ± 30 ^mol ua m-2 s-1 hauv qab IND teeb. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb radiance yog qhia hauvDaim duab 1,2. Lub teeb siv zog thiab spectral faib tau raug kuaj pom los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm tes MSC15 (Gigahertz Optik GmbH, Turkenfeld, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, UK).
Cov teeb siv tau sib txawv hauv lawv lub teeb spectral faib. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub ci hauv qhov liab (625-700 nm) ntawm spectrum yog HPSL. IND teeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub spectrum muab 23.5% tsawg lub teeb, tab sis LED yog ze rau 2 npaug ntau dua. Lub teeb txiv kab ntxwv (590-625 nm) tau tawm feem ntau los ntawm HPSL, lub teeb ntsuab (500-565 nm) tau tawm feem ntau los ntawm IND, lub teeb xiav (450-485 nm) tau tawm feem ntau los ntawm LED, tab sis lub teeb liab (380450 nm) yog emitted feem ntau los ntawm IND teeb. Thaum muab piv rau tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, LED teeb qhov chaw yuav tsum raug suav tias yog qhov ze tshaj plaws rau lub hnub ci thiab IND yuav tsum raug suav tias yog qhov tsis tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm cov spectrum.
Extraction thiab txiav txim siab ntawm Phytochemicals
Txiv lws suav txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau sau nyob rau hauv tag nrho ripeness theem. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau sau ib hlis ib zaug pib thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis thiab xaus rau lub Peb Hlis. Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug suav thiab hnyav. Yam tsawg kawg, 5 txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv (rau cv "Strabena" -8-10 txiv hmab txiv ntoo) raug coj mus kuaj. Txiv lws suav tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub puree los ntawm kev siv tes blender. Rau txhua qhov ntsuas ntsuas, peb qhov kev rov ua dua tau txheeb xyuas.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lycopene thiab в-Carotene
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov concentration ntawm lycopene thiab в-carotene, ib qho piv txwv ntawm 0.5 ± 0.001 g ntawm cov txiv lws suav puree yog ces hnyav rau hauv ib lub raj thiab 10 mL ntawm tetrahydrofuran (THF) ntxiv. (19). Cov raj raug kaw thiab khaws cia hauv chav sov li 15 feeb, co qee zaus, thiab thaum kawg centrifuged rau 10 min ntawm 5,000 rpm. Kev nqus ntawm cov supernatants tau raug txiav txim siab spectrophotometrically los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm 663, 645, 505, thiab 453 nm thiab tom qab ntawd cov lycopene thiab в- cov ntsiab lus carotene (mg 100 mL-1) raug xam raws li qhov sib npaug hauv qab no.
Clyc ua = -0.0458 x ABseb bz + 0.204 x ABb45 ua + 0.372 x A505- 0.0806 x A453 (1)
Ctsheb Luas = 0.216 x663 - 1.22 x A645 - 0.304 x A505+ 0.452 x A453 (2)
qhov twg A663, A645, A505, thiab A453 - nqus ntawm cov wavelength sib thooj (20).
lycopene thiab в-carotene concentration yog qhia raws li mg gF-M1 .
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tag Nrho Phenols
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm 1 ± 0.001 g ntawm txiv lws suav puree tau hnyav rau hauv ib lub raj kawm tiav thiab 10 ml ntawm cov kuab tshuaj (methanol / distilled dej / hydrochloric acid 79: 20: 1) ntxiv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav tau kaw thiab shaken rau 60 feeb ntawm 20°C hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuged rau 10 min ntawm 5,000 rpm. Tag nrho cov phenol concentration tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method (21) Nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho: Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (diluted 10-fold hauv dej distilled) tau ntxiv rau 0.5 ml ntawm cov extract thiab tom qab 3 min ntxiv 2 mL ntawm sodium carbonate (Na.2CO3(75 g) yog '-1). Cov qauv sib xyaw thiab tom qab 2 h incubation ntawm chav tsev kub hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, qhov nqus ntawm 760 nm tau ntsuas. Qhov concentration ntawm tag nrho cov phenolic tebchaw yog xam los ntawm kev siv lub calibration nkhaus thiab tau qhov sib npaug 3, thiab qhia raws li gallic acid sib npaug (GAE) ib 100 g offresh txiv lws suav loj.
0.556 x (A760 + 0.09) X XUM
Luas = 0.556 × (A760 + 0.09) × 100/m (3)
qhov twg A760-absorption ntawm sib xws wavelength thiab m - loj ntawm cov qauv.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Flavonoids
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm 1 ± 0.001 g ntawm txiv lws suav puree tau hnyav rau hauv ib lub raj kawm tiav thiab 10 mL ethanol tau ntxiv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav tau kaw thiab shaken rau 60 feeb ntawm 20oC hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuged rau 10 min ntawm 5,000 rpm. Txoj kev colorimetric (22) yog siv los txiav txim flavonoids nrog me me hloov: 2 mL ntawm distilled dej thiab 0.15 mL ntawm 5% sodium nitrite (NaNO)2) tov tau ntxiv rau 0.5 mL ntawm cov extract. Tom qab 5 feeb, 0.15-mL ntawm 10% tov ntawm txhuas chloride (AlCl)3) tau ntxiv. Cov sib tov raug tso cai sawv ntsug rau lwm 5 feeb thiab 1mL 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) tov ntxiv. Cov qauv sib xyaw thiab tom qab 15 feeb ntawm chav tsev kub, qhov nqus ntawm 415 nm tau ntsuas. Tag nrho cov flavonoid concentration yog xam los ntawm kev siv calibration nkhaus thiab Equation 4 thiab qhia raws li tus nqi ntawm catechin equivalents (CEs) ib 100 g offresh txiv lws suav.
Luas = 0.444 × A415 × 100/m (4)
qhov twg A415-absorption ntawm qhov sib thooj wavelength thiab m - loj ntawm cov qauv.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom qhuav thiab cov khoom soluble Cov khoom qhuav tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv ziab hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 60oC.
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus soluble solids (qhia raws li ◦Brix) tau ntsuas nrog lub refractometer (A.KRUSS Optronic Digital Handheld Refractometer Dr301-95) calibrated ntawm 20oC nrog dej distilled.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Titratable Acidity (TA)
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm 2 ± 0.01 g ntawm txiv lws suav puree tau hnyav rau hauv ib lub raj kawm tiav thiab cov dej distilled tau ntxiv txog 20 mL. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav tau kaw thiab shaken rau 60 min ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ces centrifuged rau 10 min ntawm 5,000 rpm. 5 mL aliquots tau titrated nrog 0.1 M NaOH nyob rau hauv muaj phenolphthalein.
TA = VNaOH × Vt/Vs × m (5)
qha VNaoH- ntim ntawm 0.1 M NaOH, Vt-tag nrho ntim (20 mL), thiab Vs-sampled ntim (5 mL).
Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias yog mg ntawm citric acid ib 100 g ntawm cov txiv lws suav tshiab. 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH sib raug rau 6.4 mg citric acid.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Taste Index (TI)
A TI tau suav nrog kev sib npaug 6 (23).
TI = ◦Brix/(20 × TA) + TA (6)
Cov Tshawb Fawb Tsom Cai
Qhov normality thiab homogeneity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais tau sim rau 354 kev soj ntsuam. Qhov kev sim Shapiro-Wilk tau siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam thiab kev kho teeb pom kev zoo. Txhawm rau kwv yees homogeneity ntawm qhov sib txawv, Levene qhov kev sim tau ua. Kev xeem Kruskal-Wallis tau siv los tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo. Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, Wilcoxon post-hoc test nrog Bonferroni kho tau siv rau kev sib piv ua ke. Qhov tseem ceeb theem siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, rooj thiab graphs yog a = 5%, tshwj tsis yog hais tias lwm yam.
KEV SIV
Txiv lws suav txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo biochemical tsis yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm caj ces, tab sis kev cog qoob loo muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv no. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tshaj plaws tau sau los ntawm "Diamont" (88.3 ± 22.9 g) thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsawg tshaj plaws tau sau los ntawm "Strabena" (13.0 ± 3.8g), uas yog ntau hom txiv lws suav. Qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam kuj txawv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm sau. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tshaj plaws tau sau thaum pib ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab qhov loj ntawm cov txiv lws suav txo qis thaum cov nroj tsuag loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub teeb ntuj thaum kawg ntawm Lub Peb Hlis, txiv lws suav loj me ntsis ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb lub xyoos, cov txiv lws suav siab tshaj plaws tau sau tseg siv HPSL ua teeb pom kev ntxiv. Cov txiaj ntsig txo qis hauv LED yog 16.0%, thiab hauv qab IND - 17.7% piv nrog HPSL. Ntau hom txiv lws suav muaj qhov sib txawv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv. Kev nce qib, txawm hais tias tsis tseem ceeb, tau pom zoo rau cv "Strabena", "Chocomate" thiab "Diamont" hauv qab LEDs. Rau cv "Bolzano" tsis yog LED lossis IND ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo, qhov txo qis ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm 25-31% tau pom.
Hauv qhov nruab nrab, cov txiv lws suav loj dua muaj cov khoom qhuav qhuav thiab cov khoom soluble, lawv tsis qab, thiab muaj tsawg carotenoids thiab phenols. Qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj yog cov ntsiab lus acid. Kev sib raug zoo siab yog pom ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav thiab cov ntsiab lus soluble thiab TI (rn=195 > 0.9). Kev sib raug zoo coefficient ntawm cov khoom qhuav los yog cov khoom soluble thiab cov carotenoid (lycopene thiab carotene) thiab cov ntsiab lus phenol nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.7 thiab 0.8 (Daim duab 3).
Cov kev sim tau pom tias, txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev kawm tsis sib txawv ntawm lub teeb siv qee zaum loj, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas yuav hloov pauv tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ci siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub caij cog qoob loo thiab suav nrog ntau yam thiab peb. lub caij loj hlob (rooj 1). Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias txiv lws suav ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam loj hlob hauv HPSL muaj cov teeb meem qhuav (rooj 1thiabDaim duab 5).
Cov Nyhav Tshiab, qhuav Matter, thiab Soluble Solids
Qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob ntawm qhov loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv induction teeb yog 12% me dua nyob rau hauv HPSL lossis LED. Ntau yam zoo li txawv txawv rau qhov ntxiv LED teeb. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj dua yog tsim nyob rau hauv LEDs los ntawm "Chocomate" thiab "Diamont," tab sis qhov hnyav ntawm "Bolzano" yog qhov nruab nrab tsuas yog 72% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm txiv lws suav hauv qab HPSL. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "Encore" thiab "Strabena" hlob nyob rau hauv LED thiab IND ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov hnyav thiab muaj 10 thiab 7% me dua, raws li cov txiv lws suav loj hlob hauv HPSL (Daim duab 4).
Cov ntsiab lus qhuav qhuav yog ib qho ntsuas ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo. Nws correlates nrog cov ntsiab lus soluble solids thiab influences txiv lws suav saj. Hauv peb qhov kev sim, cov ntsiab lus qhuav ntawm txiv lws suav sib txawv ntawm 46 thiab 113 mg g-1. Cov ntsiab lus qhuav qhuav tshaj plaws (qhov nruab nrab 95 mg g-1) tau pom rau ntau yam cherry "Strabena." Ntawm lwm cov txiv lws suav cultivars, cov ntsiab lus qhuav qhuav (qhov nruab nrab 66 mg g-1) tau pom hauv "Chocomate" (Daim duab 5).
Thaum lub sij hawm sim, cov organic acid ntsiab lus, qhia raws li citric acid (CA) sib npaug hauv txiv lws suav, nruab nrab ntawm 365 mus rau 640 mg 100 g.-1 . Qhov siab tshaj plaws organic acid ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv cherry txiv lws suav cv "Strabena," qhov nruab nrab ntawm 596 ± 201 mg CA 100 g-1, tab sis qhov qis tshaj cov organic acid ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo daj cv "Bolzano," qhov nruab nrab ntawm 545 ± 145 mg CA 100 g-1. Organic acid cov ntsiab lus sib txawv heev tsis tsuas yog ntawm ntau yam, tab sis kuj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm coj mus kuaj; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nruab nrab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic acid ntau dua tau pom hauv cov txiv lws suav loj hlob hauv qab IND teeb (ntau tshaj HPSL thiab LED los ntawm 10.2%).
Qhov nruab nrab, cov ntsiab lus qhuav qhuav tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob hauv HPSL. Hauv qab IND teeb, cov ntsiab lus qhuav ntawm cov txiv lws suav txo qis los ntawm 4.7-16.1%, hauv qab ntawm LED ntawm 9.9-18.2%. Cov ntau yam siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim yog txawv rhiab rau lub teeb. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev sib txawv tau pom zoo rau cv "Strabena" (5.8% forIND thiab 11.1% rau LED, raws li) thiab qhov loj tshaj qhov txo qis hauv cov teeb meem qhuav nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv teeb pom kev zoo rau cv "Diamont" (16.1% thiab 18.2. .XNUMX% feem).
Qhov nruab nrab, cov ntsiab lus soluble yog sib txawv ntawm 3.8 thiab 10.2 ◦Brix. Ib yam li ntawd, rau cov khoom qhuav, cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws soluble tau kuaj pom hauv cov txiv lws suav txiv lws suav "Strabena" (qhov nruab nrab 8.1 ± 1.0). ◦Brix). Txiv lws suav cv "Diamont" yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws qab zib (qhov nruab nrab 4.9 ± 0.4 ◦Brix).
Cov teeb pom kev ntxiv cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua qaub ntawm cov txiv lws suav "Bolzano," "Diamont," thiab "Encore." Nyob rau hauv LED teeb, soluble solids cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntau yam no txo qis nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog HPSL. Cov nyhuv ntawm IND teeb yog tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo no, cov txiv lws suav loj hlob ntawm cv "Bolzano" thiab "Strabena" muaj qhov nruab nrab 4.7 thiab 4.3% qab zib ntau dua li HPSL loj hlob. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov kev nce no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb (Daim duab 6).
Txiv lws suav TI txawv ntawm 0.97 txog 1.38. Qhov tastiest yog txiv lws suav ntawm cv "Strabena," qhov nruab nrab TI yog 1.32 ± 0.1 thiab qhov tsawg tastiest yog txiv lws suav ntawm cv "Diamont," qhov nruab nrab TI tsuas yog 1.01 ± 0.06. High TI muaj txiv lws suav "Bolzano," qhov nruab nrab TI (1.12 ± 0.06), ua raws li "Chocomate," qhov nruab nrab TI (1.08 ± 0.06).
Qhov nruab nrab, TI tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, tshwj tsis yog rau cv "Strabena," qhov twg cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv qab IND teeb
TAB 1 | P-values (Kruskal-Wallis test) ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov teeb pom kev sib txawv ntawm cov txiv lws suav zoo (n = 118).
parameter |
“Bolzano” |
“Chocomate” |
“Encore” |
“Diamont” |
"Strabena |
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav |
0.013 * |
0.008 ** |
0.110 |
0.400 |
0.560 |
Cov khoom qhuav |
0.022 * |
0.013 * |
0.011 * |
0.001 ** |
0.015 * |
Soluble solids |
0.027 * |
0.030 |
0.030 * |
0.001 ** |
0.270 |
Ntxeev |
0.078 |
0.022 |
0.160 |
0.001 ** |
0.230 |
Saj index |
0.370 |
0.140 |
0.600 |
0.001 ** |
0.023 * |
Lycopene |
0.052 |
0.290 |
0.860 |
0.160 |
0.920 |
nyob rau hauv-carotene |
<0.001 *** |
0.007 ** |
0.940 |
0.110 |
0.700 |
Phenols |
0.097 |
0.750 |
0.450 |
0.800 |
0.420 |
Flavonoids |
0.430 |
0.035 * |
0.720 |
0.440 |
0.170 |
Cov theem tseem ceeb “* **"0.001,"**"0.01, thiab "*”0.05. |
|
muaj TI nce nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog HPSL los ntawm 7.4% (LED los ntawm 4.2%) nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog HPSL thiab cv "Diamont" nyob rau hauv ob qho tag nrho cov yav tas los hais teeb pom kev zoo txo los ntawm 5.3 thiab 8.4%, feem, tau kuaj pom.
Cov ntsiab lus Carotenoids
Lycopene concentration nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav txawv ntawm 0.07 (cv "Bolzano") mus rau 7 mg 100 g-1 FM ("Strabena"). Cov ntsiab lus lycopene siab dua me ntsis hauv kev sib piv nrog "Diamont" (4.40 ± 1.35 mg 100 g-1 FM) thiab "Encore" (4.23 ± 1.33 mg 100 g-1 FM) tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab liab ntawm "Chocomate" (4.74 ± 1.48 mg 100 g-1 FM).
Qhov nruab nrab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog hauv qab IND teeb muaj 17.9% lycopene ntau dua piv nrog HPSL. LED teeb pom kev zoo kuj tau txhawb nqa lycopene synthesis, tab sis rau qhov tsawg dua, los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 6.5%. Cov nyhuv ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw muaj ntau yam nyob ntawm seb lub cultivar. Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws hauv lycopene biosynthesis tau pom rau "Chocomate." Qhov nce ntawm lycopene cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv IND piv rau HPSL yog 27.2% thiab qis dua LED los ntawm 13.5%. "Strabena" yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 3.2 thiab -1.6%, feem, piv rau HPSL (Daim duab 7). Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig tau ntseeg tau zoo, kev ua lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis lees paub nws qhov kev ntseeg tau (rooj 1).
Thaum qhov kev sim, в-carotene cov ntsiab lus hauv txiv lws suav nruab nrab ntawm 4.69 txog 9.0 mg 100 g-1 FM. Qhov siab tshaj в-carotene cov ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv cherry txiv lws suav cv "Strabena," qhov nruab nrab ntawm 8.88 ± 1.58 mg 100 g-1 FM, tab sis qis tshaj в-carotene cov ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo daj cv "Bolzano," qhov nruab nrab ntawm 5.45 ± 1.45 mg 100 g-1 FM.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus carotene tau pom ntawm ntau yam loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo. Cv "Bolzano" loj hlob nyob rau hauv LED qhia tau hais tias qhov txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus carotene (los ntawm 18.5% piv rau HPSL), thaum "Chocomate" muaj cov ntsiab lus carotene qis qis tshaj HPSL hauv txiv lws suav (5.32 ± 1.08 mg 100 g FM.-1) thiab nws tau nce los ntawm 34.3% nyob rau hauv LED thiab 46.4% nyob rau hauv IND teeb (Daim duab 8).
Tag nrho Phenolics thiab Flavonoids Cov ntsiab lus
Cov ntsiab lus phenol ntawm txiv lws suav txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 27.64 txog 56.26 mg GAE 100 g-1 FM (rooj 2). Cov ntsiab lus phenol siab tshaj plaws yog pom rau ntau yam "Strabena" thiab cov ntsiab lus phenol qis tshaj yog pom rau ntau yam "Diamont." Cov ntsiab lus phenol ntawm txiv lws suav sib txawv raws li lub caij ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li muaj kev hloov pauv loj ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv txawv teeb yog tsis tseem ceeb.
Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb pom kev sib txawv tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cv "Chocomate," qhov nruab nrab flavonoid cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob hauv qab lub teeb yog 33.3%, tab sis qis dua LED los ntawm 13.3% siab dua. Raws li IND teeb, qhov sib txawv loj ntawm ntau yam tau pom, tab sis hauv qab LED qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10.3-15.6%.
Cov kev sim tau pom tias cov txiv lws suav txawv txawv txawv rau cov teeb pom kev ntxiv uas siv.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom loj hlob cv "Bolzano" nyob rau hauv LED lossis IND teeb vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo no, cov tsis zoo ib yam li cov tau txais hauv HPSL lossis qis dua. Nyob rau hauv LED teeb, qhov hnyav ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhuav teeb meem, soluble solids cov ntsiab lus, thiab carotene yog ho txo. ( Daim duab 9 ).
TAB 2 | Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho phenolics [mg gallic acid sib npaug (GAE) 100 g-1 FM] thiab flavonoids [mg citric acid (CA) 100 g-1 FM] nyob rau hauv cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv txawv ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo.
parameter |
“Bolzano” |
“Chocomate” |
“Encore” |
“Diamont” |
"Strabena" |
Phenols |
|||||
HPSL |
36.33 ± 5.34 |
31.23 ± 5.67 |
27.64 ± 7.12 |
30.26 ± 5.71 |
48.70 ± 11.24 |
IND |
33.21 ± 4.05 |
34.77 ± 6.39 |
31.00 ± 6.02 |
30.63 ± 5.11 |
56.26 ± 13.59 |
LED |
36.16 ± 6.41 |
31.70 ± 6.80 |
30.44 ± 3.01 |
30.98 ± 6.52 |
52.57 ± 10.41 |
Flavonoids |
|||||
HPSL |
4.50 ± 1.32 |
3.78 ± 0.65a |
2.65 ± 1.04 |
2.57 ± 1.15 |
5.17 ± 2.33 |
IND |
4.57 ± 0.75 |
5.24 ± 0.79b |
4.96 ± 1.46 |
2.84 ± 0.67 |
6.65 ± 1.64 |
LED |
4.96 ± 1.08 |
4.37 ± 1.18ab |
3.02 ± 1.04 |
2.88 ± 1.08 |
5.91 ± 1.20 |
Qhov txawv txawv txhais tau tias yog sau nrog cov ntawv sib txawv. |
Tsis zoo li "Bolzano," "Chocomate" nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo nce qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov carotene nce. Lwm qhov tsis suav nrog cov khoom qhuav thiab cov ntsiab lus soluble solids kuj siab dua hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau txais hauv HPSL. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no ntau yam, lub teeb induction kuj qhia tau zoo (Daim duab 9).
Rau cv "Diamont," cov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab lub zog saj yog txo qis hauv LED teeb, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim thiab flavonoids tau nce. (Daim duab 9).
Cultivars "Encore" thiab "Strabena" yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho lub teeb ntxiv. Rau "Encore," tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm LED lub teeb spectrum yog cov ntsiab lus soluble solids. "Strabena" kuj tseem ua siab ntev rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces ntawm ntau yam, vim qhov no tsuas yog cov txiv lws suav nkaus xwb suav nrog hauv kev sim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov siab dua tag nrho cov kev kawm tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub teeb (Daim duab 9).
SIB THAM
Qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv lws suav cuam tshuam nrog qhov hnyav ntawm ntau yam; txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tiav. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim txoj kev cog qoob loo ntau dua li qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, vim tias dej tsawg dua tuaj yeem siv rau hauv peat substrate, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis ua kom cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nquag thiab txhim kho qhov saturation ntawm saj. (24). Qhov kev hloov pauv tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav ntawm "Encore F1" vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov ua siab ntev ntawm ntau yam rau qhov teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ncauj lus (25). Cov qoob loo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav raug cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm kev siv lub teeb ntxiv, tab sis kuj los ntawm nws qhov zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txiaj ntsig tsawg dua tsim nyob rau hauv IND teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua tau tias cov txiaj ntsig tsawg dua pom vim qhov siv me me ntawm induction teeb txawm hais tias lub ntsiab feature ntawm induction teeb yog dav dav ntsuab waves band. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias qhov nce ntawm lub teeb liab ua rau muaj kev nce hauv qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv lws suav, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus qhuav. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub teeb liab tau txhawb qhov nce hauv cov dej hauv cov txiv lws suav. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov nce hauv lub teeb xiav txo cov ntsiab lus qhuav ntawm tag nrho cov txiv lws suav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog cov txiv lws suav daj cultivar "Balzano". Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias photosynthesis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm lub teeb liab thiab xiav zoo li siab dua nyob rau hauv HPS teeb pom kev zoo, tab sis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm los sib npaug. (12). Olle thiab Virsile (26) pom tias liab LEDs txhim kho txiv lws suav yield thiab hais txog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb uas hais tias feem ntau nrog ntau dua ntxiv ntawm liab nthwv dej nce yield. Hauv kev xav zoo sib xws, Zhang et al. (14) txhais tau tias txawm ntxiv FR lub teeb ua ke nrog cov LEDs liab thiab HPSL nce tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ntxiv xiav thiab liab LED teeb ua rau thaum ntxov ripening ntawm txiv lws suav. Qhov no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog vim li cas rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua nyob rau hauv LEDs rau "Chocomate F1" thiab "Diamont F1" cultivars, txij li thaum ntxov ripening ua rau ua ntej pib ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Hais txog kev tawm los, peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias nws tsis yog qhov nce ntawm lub teeb liab uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nce yields, tab sis qhov kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm lub teeb liab hla lub teeb xiav.
Txij li thaum ib qho kev nyiam ntawm cov txiv lws suav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog qhov qab zib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau hloov pauv los ntawm ntau yam ib puag ncig (27). Muaj cov pov thawj tias qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb kuj cuam tshuam rau biochemical cov ntsiab lus ntawm txiv lws suav. Soluble qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv lws suav siav tau txo los ntawm FR lub teeb ntev dua (15). Kong et al. (16) Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev kho lub teeb xiav ua rau muaj ntau dua cov khoom soluble. Cov ntsiab lus qab zib hauv cov nroj tsuag tau nce los ntawm lub teeb ntsuab, xiav thiab liab (28). Peb qhov kev sim tsis lees paub qhov ntawd, vim tias qhov nce ntawm ob qho tib si xiav thiab lub teeb liab sib cais txo qis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej soluble hauv feem ntau. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov piam thaj hauv qab tau pom nyob rau hauv HPSL uas coj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb liab dua li lwm lub teeb thiab kuj nce qhov kub nyob ze ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no sau nrog cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Erdberga li al. (29) qhia tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm soluble qab zib, organic acids nce nrog nce liab nthwv dej. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau txais hauv lwm cov kev tshawb fawb. Qhov siab dua txhais tau tias txiv lws suav txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav tau txais hauv cov nroj tsuag ntxiv teeb nrog HPS teeb piv rau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm LED teeb (8.7-12.2% nyob ntawm cultivar) (30).
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Dzakovich li al. (31) Ua pov thawj tias cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv (HPSL ntawm LEDs) tsis cuam tshuam rau lub cev muaj zog (tag nrho cov soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid cov ntsiab lus, pH, tag nrho phenolics, thiab cov flavonoids thiab carotenoids) los yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiv lws suav cog qoob loo. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm tus kheej, tab sis kuj los ntawm lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv peb qhov kev sim nws tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus acid. Tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hom thiab lub teeb, tab sis kuj rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cultivar thiab teeb. Cov ntsiab lus qhuav qhuav tau siab dua hauv "Chocomate F1" thiab "Strabena F1." Qhov no sib raug nrog Kurina li al. (6), qhov nruab nrab, cov xim liab-xim av tau sau ntau cov teeb meem qhuav (6.46%). Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Duma et al. (32) qhia tau tias thaum muab piv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj thiab TI, nws tau pom tias TI siab dua yog rau cov txiv lws suav me lossis loj dua. Kev sim ntawm Rodica et al. (23) qhia tau hais tias cov txiv lws suav thiab cov txiv lws suav liab liab muaj cov khoom soluble ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws yog underlined hais tias kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov organic tebchaw txiav txim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo saj yog nyob ntawm qhov yield ntawm cultivar.
Qhov raug rau ntxiv liab thiab xiav LED teeb pom kev zoo ua rau cov lycopene thiab в- cov ntsiab lus carotene (13, 29, 33, 34). Dannehl et al. (12) Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus lycopene thiab lutein nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav yog 18 thiab 142% siab dua thaum lawv raug rau LED fixture. Txawm li cas los xij, в-carotene cov ntsiab lus tsis txawv ntawm kev kho lub teeb. Ntagkas et al. (35) qhia tias zeaxanthin, cov khoom ntawm в-carotene hloov dua siab tshiab, nce hauv cov txiv lws suav hauv qab xiav thiab dawb lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov nqe lus no ib nrab muaj tseeb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Bolzano F1" qhov twg loj npaum li cas ntawm lycopene tau pom nyob rau hauv LED kev kho mob, tab sis. в-carotene tau teb tsis zoo rau qhov kev kho no. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim muaj caj ces txij li "Bolzano F1" tsuas yog txiv kab ntxwv-txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Hauv lwm cov kev tshawb fawb, nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab thiab xim av, ntau tshaj ntawm lycopene thiab в-carotene tau pom nyob rau hauv Induction teeb uas tsis paub meej txog cov qauv ntawm xyoo dhau los (29). Peb cov kev sim tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus lycopene ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab txiv lws suav cultivars tau nce nrog nce ntawm lub teeb xiav. Hauv qhov sib piv, kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus carotene hauv cov cultivars sib txawv tsis tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus txiv lws suav cultivars siv hauv kev sim. Qhov tsis sib xws no qhia txog qhov xav tau kev sim ntxiv ntawm cov kev kawm yav tom ntej. Tib cov qauv ntawm cov lus teb rau lub teeb vim yog cultivar nta tau pom nrog cov nyiaj ntawm phenolsandflavonoids. Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab thiab xim av-txiv hmab txiv ntoo pom tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv IND teeb, thaum "Bolzano F1" teb nrog cov txiaj ntsig siab dua rau HPSL thiab LED teeb uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj. Txoj kev tshawb no sib raug nrog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Kong: kev kho lub teeb xiav ua rau muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj phenolic (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, thiab rutin). (16). Nruam lub teeb liab nce ntxiv lycopene, в-carotene, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic, tag nrho cov flavonoid concentration, thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant hauv txiv lws suav (36). Hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los, flavonoids hloov pauv hloov pauv; Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb wavelength yuav tsum tau muab sau ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Theamountofphenolsincreased nrog rau qhov loj hlob feem ntawm lub teeb xiav muab los ntawm LED teeb (29), qhov no kuj tseem nrog peb cov kev tshawb fawb. Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv lwm cov neeg tshawb fawb 'ua hauj lwm uas raug UV los yog LED lighthad tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov phenolic tebchaw, txawm lub fact tias ob lub teeb kev kho mob yog paub los hloov qhov kev qhia ntawm ib tug array ntawm noob koom nyob rau hauv lub biosynthesis ntawm phenolic tebchaw thiab carotenoids. (36). Yuav tsum tau hais tias zoo ib yam li qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas hauv "Encore F1" vim kev kho lub teeb. Qhov no tso cai rau tshaj tawm tias cultivar "Encore F1" tuaj yeem ua siab ntev rau kev sib xyaw ntawm lub teeb. Peb cov kev sim ua kom pom tseeb cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv hais tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov metabolites theem nrab yog txhim kho los ntawm ob qho tib si ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb xiav thiab qhov ntau ntxiv ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tau hais tias cov khoom siv tshuaj, suav nrog cov kua qaub-soluble qab zib thiab lawv qhov sib piv, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau tus yam ntxwv saj ntawm ntau yam, nyob ntawm qhov feem ntau ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Cov saj zoo ntawm txiv lws suav yog tus cwj pwm tsis yog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm hom tshwj xeeb pigments thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, tab sis kuj los ntawm lawv cov nyiaj. Hauv tshwj xeeb, qhov sib piv thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov suab thaj ua rau lub ntsej muag saturated thiab zoo saj. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, qhov zoo correlation ntawm soluble qab zib thiab titratable acids yog ~ 0.4, uas yog correlated nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Hernandez Suarez, qhov twg qhov zoo correlation ntawm ob qhov ntsuas tau pom tias yog 0.39. (37). Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm Dzakovich et al. (31), txiv lws suav tau profiled rau tag nrho cov soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid cov ntsiab lus, pH, tag nrho phenolics, thiab tseem ceeb flavonoids thiab carotenoids. Lawv cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias lub tsev cog qoob loo txiv lws suav zoo tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kho lub teeb ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau qhia tias cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov kev kho teeb pom kev sib txawv tau muab piv rau thoob plaws kev kho teeb pom kev zoo. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb uas siv hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb txog qee yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo theem nrab metabolism. (31). Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, raws li cov duab tau txais tsis qhia meej thiab tsis meej pem, uas tso cai rau peb hais tias ib qho ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txiv lws suav ntau dua li lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub teeb yuav raug siv rau qee yam, piv txwv li, HPSL teeb yuav zoo dua rau "Bolzano F1" thiab LED teeb pom kev zoo rau "Chocomate F1." Qhov no sib raug nrog kev kawm tau cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov txiv lws suav tau kawm. Bhandari etal. (38) qhia meej tias thaum lub sij hawm ua ke ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hnub mus rau saum ntuj thiab, yog li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv lws suav; muaj ntau yam uas tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem no. Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab no tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas tias cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txiv lws suav feem ntau yog nyob ntawm genotype, txij li cultivars kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog teeb pom kev zoo, yog cov caj ces predisposed.
XAUS
Ntau yam txiv lws suav txawv txawv rau cov teeb pom kev ntxiv siv. Cultivars "Encore" thiab "Strabena" yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws rau lub teeb ntxiv. Rau "Encore," tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm LED lub teeb spectrum yog cov ntsiab lus soluble solids. "Strabena" kuj tseem ua siab ntev rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces ntawm ntau yam, vim qhov no tsuas yog cov txiv lws suav nkaus xwb suav nrog hauv kev sim. Nws tsis pom zoo kom cog txiv kab ntxwv xim txiv hmab txiv ntoo cv "Bolzano" nyob rau hauv LED los yog IND teeb vim hais tias nyob rau hauv no teeb pom kev zoo, cov tsis yog nyob rau theem ntawm HPSL los yog loj heev. Nyob rau hauv LED teeb, lub luj ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhuav teeb meem, soluble solids ntsiab lus, thiab в-carotene raug txo kom tsawg. Ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav thiab tus nqi ntawm в-carotene ntawm liab-xim av xim txiv hmab txiv ntoo cv "Chocomate" nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo nce. Lwm qhov tsis suav nrog cov khoom qhuav thiab cov ntsiab lus soluble solids kuj siab dua hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau txais hauv HPSL.
Cov kev sim tau pom tias HPSL txhawb nqa kev sib sau ntawm cov metabolites hauv cov txiv lws suav. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, soluble solids cov ntsiab lus yog 4.7-18.2% siab dua piv rau lwm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo.
Raws li LED thiab IND teeb tawm txog 20% xiav-violet lub teeb, cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias qhov no ntawm cov spectrum txhawb nqa cov phenolic tebchaw hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm 1.6-47.4% piv rau HPSL. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm carotenoids raws li cov metabolites theem nrab nyob ntawm ob qho tib si ntau yam thiab lub teeb ci. Liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam zoo li synthesize ntau в-carotene nyob rau hauv ntxiv LED thiab IND teeb.
Qhov xiav ntawm lub spectrum plays lub luag haujlwm ntau dua hauv kev ua kom cov qoob loo zoo. Kev nce lossis kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm nws qhov kev faib ua feem hauv tag nrho cov spectrum txhawb cov synthesis ntawm cov metabolites theem nrab (lycopene, phenols thiab flavonoids), ua rau txo qis hauv cov khoom qhuav thiab cov ntsiab lus soluble.
Muab cov txiaj ntsig loj ntawm genotypic variability nyob rau hauv cov txiv lws suav thiab lub teeb kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm ntxiv yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv tsom mus rau kev sib txuas ntawm cultivars thiab sib txawv ntxiv lub teeb spectra kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm biologically active compounds.
DAIM NTAWV THOV KEV PAB CUAM
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos uas txhawb nqa cov lus xaus ntawm tsab xov xwm no yuav muab los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, yam tsis muaj kev tshwj tseg.
TSO CAI
IE yog incharge of txiv lws suav cultivation thiab sampling, laboratory ua hauj lwm, compounds quantification, thiab kuj pab rau kev sau ntawv. IA coj lub tswv yim, pab txhawb rau txoj kev tshawb fawb conception thiab tsim, yog incharge ntawm txiv lws suav sampling, Laboratory ua hauj lwm, tebchaw quantification, thiab kuj pab rau kev sau ntawv. MD tau pab txhawb rau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav thiab kev tsim qauv, kev ua kom zoo ntawm txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, tshuaj xyuas cov qauv hauv chav kuaj, thiab ua cov lus pom zoo thiab cov lus pom zoo. RA tau pab txhawb rau kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas, kev txhais cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ua cov lus pom zoo thiab cov lus qhia txog cov ntawv sau. LD tau pab txhawb rau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav thiab tsim qauv, tau saib xyuas cov txiv lws suav sampling, kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj, kev sib xyaw kom muaj nuj nqis, thiab tau txais cov lus pom zoo thiab cov lus qhia txog cov ntawv sau. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau pab txhawb rau tsab xov xwm thiab pom zoo cov ntawv xa tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.
FAB TSIM
Txoj kev kawm no tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Latvian Rural Development Program 2014-2020 Kev Koom Tes, hu rau 16.1 project Nr. 19-00-A01612-000010 Kev tshawb xyuas cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab kev tsim kho tshiab rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nce qib hauv Latvian tsev cog khoom (IRIS).
ua tim khawv
- 1. Vijayakumar A, Shaji S, Beena R, Sarada S, Sajitha Rani T, Stephen R, et al. Kev kub siab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiv lws suav (Solanum lycopersicum L) thiab cov coefficients zoo sib xws ntawm cov genotypes siv cov cim SSR. Heliyon. (2021) 7:e05988. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e0 5988
- 2. Duzen IV, Oguz E, Yilmaz R, Taskin A, Vuruskan A, Cekici Y, et al. Lycopene muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm septic shock-induced cardiac raug mob hauv nas. Bratisl Med J. (2019) 120:919-23. doi: 10.4149/IB_2019_154
-
3. Dogukan A, Tuzcu M, Agca CA, Gencoglu H, Sahin N, Onderci M, et al. Txiv lws suav lycopene complex tiv thaiv lub raum los ntawm cisplatin-induced raug mob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam oxidative kev nyuaj siab nrog rau Bax, Bcl-2, thiab HSPs kev qhia. Nutr Cancer. (2011) 63:427-34. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2011.5 35958
- 4. Warditiani NK, Sari PMN, Wirasuta MAG. Phytochemical thiab Hypoglycemia nyhuv ntawm Txiv lws suav Lycopene Extract (TLE). Sys Rev Pharm. (2020) 11:50914. doi: 10.31838/srp.2020.4.77
- 5. Ando A. "Saj tebchaw nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav". Hauv: Higashide T, editor. Solanum Lycopersicum: Ntau lawm, Biochemistry thiab Health Benefits. New York, Nova Science Publishers (2016). p. 179-187 : kuv.
- 6. Kurina AB, Solovieva AE, Khrapalova IA, Artemyeva AM. Biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv lws suav ntawm ntau yam xim. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. (2021) 25:514-27. doi: 10.18699/VJ21.058
- 7. Murshed R, Lopez-Lauri F, Sallanon H. Cov nyhuv ntawm dej kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov kab mob antioxidant thiab oxidative tsis nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav (Solanum lycopersicon L, cvMicro-tom). Physiol Mol Biol Nroj tsuag. (2013) 19:36378. doi: 10.1007/s12298-013-0173-7
- 8. Klunklin W, Savage G. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov dej zoo thiab kev ntxhov siab. Khoom noj khoom haus. (2017) 6:56. doi: 10.3390/6080056
- 9. Chetelat RT, Ji Y. Cytogenetics thiab evolution. Genetic Improv Solanaceous Crops. (2007) 2:77-112. doi: 10.1201/b10744-4
- 10. Wang W, Liu D, Qin M, Xie Z, Chen R, Zhang Y. Cov teebmeem ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv rau kev thauj cov poov tshuaj thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim ntawm txiv lws suav loj hlob hauv hydroponics. Int J Mol Sci. (2021) 22:2687. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052687
- 11. Ouzounis T, Giday H, Kj^r KH, Ottosen CO. LED lossis HPS hauv ornamentals? Cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv roses thiab campanulas. Eur J Hortic Sci. (2018) 83:16672. doi: 10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.3.6
- 12. Dannehl D, Schwend T, Veit D, Schmidt U. Ua kom cov qoob loo, lycopene, thiab cov ntsiab lus lutein hauv cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv tas li PAR spectrum LED teeb pom kev zoo. Pem hauv ntej cog Sci. (2021) 12:611236. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.61 1236
- 13. Xie BX, Wei JJ, Zhang YT, Song SW, Su W, Sun GW, et al. Ntxiv lub teeb xiav thiab liab txhawb lycopene synthesis hauv txiv lws suav. J Integr Agric. (2019) 18:590-8. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62062-3
- 14. Zhang JY, Zhang YT, Song SW, Su W, Hao YW, Liu HC. Ntxiv lub teeb liab tshwm sim ua ntej ripening ntawm txiv lws suav nyob ntawm seb ethylene ntau lawm. Environ Exp Bot. (2020) 175:10404. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104044
- 15. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Li T. Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntxiv rau lub teeb liab liab txhawb nqa cov txiv lws suav loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo nrog LEDs. J Integr Agric. (2019) 18:62-9. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62130-6
- 16. Kong D, Zhao W, Ma Y, Liang H, Zhao X. Cov teebmeem ntawm lub teeb-emitting diode illumination ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav tshiab-txiav thaum lub tub yees khaws cia. Int J Food Sci Technol. (2021) 56:2041-52. doi: 10.1111/jfs. 14836
- 17. Jarqum-Enriquez L, Mercado-Silva EM, Maldonado JL, Lopez-Baltazar J. Lycopene cov ntsiab lus thiab xim indexoftomatoes cuam tshuam los ntawm lub tsev cog khoom. npog. Sc Horticulture. (2013) 155:43-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013. 03.004
- 18. Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR. Kub kam rau ua
nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam. Environ Exp Bot. (2007) 61:199
223. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011
- 19. Duma M, Alsina I. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag pigments nyob rau hauv liab thiab daj tswb peppers. Sci Pap B Horticulture. (2012) 56:105-8.
- 20. Nagata M, Yamashita I. Txoj kev yooj yim rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm chlorophyll thiab carotenoids hauv txiv lws suav. J Jpn Food Sci Technol. (1992) 39:925-8. doi: 10.3136/nskkk1962.39.925
- 21. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov phenols thiab lwm yam oxidation substrates thiab antioxidants los ntawm folin-ciocalteu reagent. Cov txheej txheem Enzymol. (1999) 299:152-78. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
- 22. Kim D, Jeond S, Lee C. Antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm phenolic phytochemicals los ntawm ntau yam cultivars ntawm plums. Khoom noj khoom haus Chem. (2003) 81:321-6. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00423-5
- 23. Rodica S, Maria D, Alexandru-Ioan A, Marin S. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qee qhov kev noj haus tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav thaum lub sijhawm sau cov theem. Hort Sci. (2019) 46:132-7. doi: 10.17221/222/2017 - dr hab.HORTSCI
- 24. Mate MD, Szalokine Zima I. Kev loj hlob thiab tawm los ntawm cov txiv lws suav hauv qab dej sib txawv. Res J Agric Sci. (2020) 52:167-77.
- 25. Mauxion JP, Chevalier C, Gonzalez N. Complex cellular thiab molecular txheej xwm txiav txim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj. Trends Plant Sci. (2021) 26:1023-38. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.008
- 26. Olle M, Alsina I. Influence of wavelength of light on growth, yield and nutritional quality of greenhouse zaub zaub. Proc Latvian Acad Sci B. (2019) 73:1-9. doi: 10.2478/prolas-2019-0001
- 27. Kawaguchi K, Takei-Hoshi R, Yoshikawa I, Nishida K, Kobayashi M, Kushano M, et al. Kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam ntawm cell phab ntsa invertase inhibitor los ntawm genome kho kom nce qab zib cov ntsiab lus ntawm txiv lws suav yam tsis muaj txo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav. Ntawv Moo Zoo (2021) 11:1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00966-4
- 28. Olle M, Virsile A. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm wavelenght ntawm lub teeb ntawm kev loj hlob, tawm los thiab khoom noj khoom haus zoo ntawm zaub ntsuab. Agricult Food Sci. (2013) 22:22334. doi: 10.23986/afsci.7897 ib
- 29. Erdberga I, Alsina I, Dubova L, Duma M, Sergejeva D, Augspole I, et al. Kev hloov pauv hauv biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv lws suav txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm illumination zoo. Key Eng Mater. (2020) 850:172
- 30. Gajc-Wolska J, Kowalczyk K, Metera A, Mazur K, Bujalski D, Hemka L. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv rau cov kev xaiv ntawm lub cev tsis zoo thiab yielding ntawm cov txiv lws suav. Folia Horticulture. (2013) 25:153
-
9. doi: 10.2478/fhort-2013-0017
- 31. Dzakovich M, Gomez C, Ferruzzi MG, Mitchell CA. Cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev hnov mob ntawm cov txiv lws suav hauv tsev ntsuab tseem tsis hloov pauv hauv cov lus teb rau liab, xiav, thiab deb liab ntxiv lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb-emitting. Hortscience. (2017) 52:1734-41. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI12469-17
- 32. Duma M, Alsina I, Dubova L, Augspole I, Erdberga I. Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom txog kev tsim nyog ntawm cov txiv lws suav sib txawv hauv kev noj haus. Hauv:
FoodBalt 2019: Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm 13th Baltic Conference ntawm Food Science thiab Technology; 2019 Peb 2-3. Jelgava, Latvia: LLU (2019). p. 261-4 : kuv.
- 33. Ngcobo BL, Bertling I, Clulow AD. Preharvest illumination ntawm cherry txiv lws suav txo lub sij hawm ripening, txhim khu cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo carotenoid concentration thiab tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol. (2020) 95:617-27. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2020.1743771
- 34. Najera C, Guil-Guerrero JL, Enriquez LJ, Alvaro JE, Urrestarazu
M. LED-nrhiav kev noj haus thiab organoleptic zoo nyob rau hauv
postharvest txiv lws suav. Postharvest Bio Technol. (2018)
145:151-6. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.07.008 TSİ
- 35. Ntagkas N, de Vos RC, Woltering EJ, Nicole C, Labrie C, Marcelis L F. Modulation of the lws suav fruit metabolome byLED light. Metabolites. (2020) 10:266. doi: 10.3390/metabo10060266
- 36. Baenas N, Iniesta C, Gonzalez-Barrio R, Nunez-Gomez V, Periago MJ, Garda-Alonso FJ. Tom qab sau qoob loo siv ultraviolet lub teeb (UV) thiab lub teeb Emitting Diode (LED) los txhim kho bioactive compounds hauv txiv lws suav txias. Molecules. (2021) 26:1847. doi: 10.3390 / molecules 260 71847
- 37. Hernandez Suarez M, Rodriguez ER, Romero CD. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic acid hauv cultivars ntawm txiv lws suav sau hauv Tenerife. Eur Food Res Technol. (2008) 226:423-35. doi: 10.1007/s00217-006-0553-0
- 38. Bhandari HR, Srivastava K, Tripathi MK, Chaudhary B, Biswas S. Shreya Ib puag ncigx Kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv lws suav (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Bio-Resour Stress Management. (2021) 12:455-62. doi: 10.23910/1.2021.2276
Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab: Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum tsis muaj kev lag luam lossis kev sib raug zoo nyiaj txiag uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab.
Publisher's Note: Txhua qhov kev thov uas tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog cov neeg sau ntawv nkaus xwb thiab tsis tas yuav sawv cev ntawm lawv cov koom haum koom nrog, lossis cov tshaj tawm, cov neeg kho thiab cov tshuaj xyuas. Ib yam khoom uas yuav raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, los yog thov hais tias tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm nws cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus, yuav tsis guaranteed los yog pom zoo los ntawm lub publisher.
Copyright © 2022 Alsina, Erdberg, Duma, Alksnis thiab Dubova. Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm openaccess faib raws li cov nqe lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
Cov hauv kev tshiab hauv kev noj zaub mov | www.frontiersin.org