Kev ya davhlau ntawm kab ntawm cov qoob loo hauv tsev cog khoom, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, tsaws ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawg, cuam tshuam cov khoom tshiab thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem. Tsis zoo li lwm yam Drosophilidae uas vam meej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau sau thiab lwj, SWD muaj lub siab nyiam rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me - blueberries, strawberries thiab raspberries - thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pob zeb, xws li cherries, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qhib teb thiab kaw tsev cog khoom. Ib hom kab tsuag uas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia, SWD tau tsaws thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, Asmeskas thiab, tsis ntev los no, hauv thaj chaw ntawm Africa. Kev poob nyiaj txiag txuas nrog kev kis kab mob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau lab daus las hauv ib xyoos - ntau dua US $ 500 lab hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ib leeg - raws li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Kab.
IAEA, koom tes nrog Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations (FAO), muaj kev txawj ntse thiab keeb kwm kev ua tiav hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem kab tsis muaj kab mob (SIT) txhawm rau txhawm lossis tshem tawm cov kab tsuag, xws li Mediterranean txiv hmab txiv ntoo ya, screwworm yoov, tsetse yoov thiab ntau npauj. Muab qhov kev hem thawj ntawm SWD rau kev tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ntau lub teb chaws tau mus rau FAO thiab IAEA los soj ntsuam lub peev xwm ntawm SIT txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau SWD hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xws li tsev cog khoom.
Gustavo Taret ntawm Argentina lub koom haum ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau hais tias "Tam sim no, tsis muaj ib puag ncig-phooj ywg kev kho mob tsim los tiv thaiv cov kab no," "SIT yuav yog tib txoj kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig uas yuav tso cai rau nws siv hauv tsev cog khoom, txo kev siv tshuaj tua kab thaum tiv thaiv kab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lwm yam kab tsuag."
Lub pob SIT tau tsim li cas?
Thawj ntshuam ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm SWD tuaj txog ntawm ltalis xyoo 2015 ntawm FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) hauv Seibersdorf, Austria. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub chaw soj nstuam tau tshawb xyuas SWD cov hluav taws xob biology, uas txhais tau tias cov nyhuv ntawm ionizing irradiation ntawm induction ntawm sterility. Carlos Caceres, kws tshawb fawb entomologist nrog koom nrog FAO / IAEA Program ntawm Nuclear Techniques hauv Khoom Noj Khoom Noj thiab ua liaj ua teb.
Txhawm rau kom loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov rau kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov txheej txheem qe thiab cov neeg laus tuav tawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm SWD, lub qe, los yog oviposition, system tsim yog muaj xws li yas receptacles nrog lub qhov uas tso cai rau cov poj niam mus nteg qe. "Lub oviposition system yog ib lub vaj huam sib luag uas muaj ib tug zoo net npog nrog ciab. Cov poj niam nyiam cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag oviposition, "Caceres piav qhia. "Cov poj niam oviposit - los yog nteg qe - los ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, ces cov qe tau sau rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tawb." Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias SWD tau ntxim nyiam rau cov vaj huam sib luag dub, uas ua rau cov qe ntau tshaj.
Thaum cov qe mus rau hauv cov larvae, lawv tau noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov hmoov nplej, qab zib, poov xab thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub, larvae metamorphose rau hauv pupae. Thaum cov pupae paub tab, lawv tau sau thiab irradiated, ua rau lawv infertile. Tom qab irradiation, cov pupae tau muab tso rau hauv lub tawb uas muaj menyuam tsis taus yoov tuaj. "Lub tuav tawb yog ua los ntawm ib tug txhuas thav duab npog nrog ib tug zoo hluavtaws mesh net. Hauv lub tawb yog cov khoom qab zib thiab cov poov xab, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm cov as-ham, nrog rau ib daim txhuam cev da dej rau cov yoov 'hydration, "Caceres tau hais. Ib lub tawb me me yog 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm.
Tom qab peb hnub nyob rau hauv lub tawb tuav, cov neeg laus yoov tuaj yeem ua kev sib daj sib deev thiab tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub hom phiaj rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov poj niam fertile, ua rau tsis muaj menyuam. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev poob qis ntawm cov neeg qus nrog txhua tiam neeg.
Status of SIT for SWD
Cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa loj rau SWD tau tsim, thiab tuav thiab tso cov txheej txheem kom cov yoov laus tuaj txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev sib tw hauv thaj chaw tau raug soj ntsuam. Taret tau hais tias "Kev ruaj khov thiab txaus tsim cov kab uas tsis muaj menyuam yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev soj ntsuam hauv thaj chaw kaw lossis tsev cog khoom thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho cov nqi tso tawm thiab zaus," Taret tau hais. Txog niaj hnub no, kev sim sim, uas 50 000 txog 100 000 txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov tau tsim nyob rau ib lub lis piam, tau raug xa mus rau hauv tsev cog khoom hauv Argentina. Ib qho kev sim ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau Fabkis xyoo no.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm cov kev sim no yuav tso cai rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm SIT los tswj SWD hauv cov teb chaws cuam tshuam. "Cov thev naus laus zis yooj yim rau SIT rau SWD sim sim yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, uas yuav xav tau kev tso tawm kwv yees li 2 lab yoov hauv ib lub lis piam dhau los ntawm cov cheeb tsam, tab sis nws qhov kev saws me nyuam thiab kev xa tawm yog nyob ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab cov neeg txiav txim siab kev lag luam txiv hmab txiv ntoo," Caceres tau hais. .
Lub pob SIT rau SWD yuav tsum ua tiav hauv 2023. "SIT tuaj yeem koom ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev tswj hwm, txo cov qoob loo poob, cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cov zaub mov thiab kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm," Caceres tau hais.
Yog xav paub ntxiv:
International Atomic Energy Agency
www.iaea.org
Mazzi D, Bravin E, Meraner M, Ntiv R, Kuske S. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev taw qhia thiab tsim Drosophila suzukii ntawm Sweet Cherry Production hauv Switzerland. Kab. Xyoo 2017; 8(1): 18. Luam tawm 2017 Feb 8. doi:10.3390/insects8010018