Krasnodar Krai yog ib qho ntawm peb thaj chaw ua lag luam hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj zaub ntawm cov av tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib faib ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws hauv tsev cog khoom tseem muaj siab. Qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom seem rau cov khoom siv thiab kev thauj mus los, cuam tshuam nrog kev rau txim siab rau Russia, ua rau muaj kev nce nqi ntawm cov zaub thiab txo qis hauv marginality ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Kuban cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Cov neeg koom ua lag luam sib cav hais tias kev lag luam agribusiness xav tau kev txhawb nqa hauv xeev los tswj cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntim thiab technologies
Tag nrho cov qoob loo ntawm cov zaub ntawm cov av kaw ntawm cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb ntawm Krasnodar Territory, uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam me, thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Hli 2022 muaj txog 88.6 txhiab tons. Qhov no yog yuav luag 3 txhiab tons ntau dua li tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm rau Kommersant-Kuban hauv Krasnodarstat.
Raws li lub regional Ministry of Agriculture thiab Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam, Kuban yog ib qho ntawm peb cheeb tsam hauv kev sau qoob loo ntawm cov zaub ntsuab ua ke nrog thaj tsam Moscow thiab Lipetsk. Nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar Territory, zus tau tej cov zaub cov khoom ntawm tiv thaiv av yog ntau tshaj 16 kg ib tug neeg nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm 12 kg. Cov phiaj xwm ntau lawm hauv 2022 yog 112 txhiab tons.
"Qhov ntim ruaj khov yog muab los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw tsev cog khoom thiab kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv ib chav tsev ntawm thaj chaw siv, uas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev loj hlob zaub hauv cov av tiv thaiv, nrog rau kev siv ntau yam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. . Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev lag luam kws txawj, zus tau tej cov zaub tsev cog khoom nyob rau hauv lub Kuban yuav loj hlob mus rau 130-140 txhiab tons. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev txhawb siab ntawm kev nqis peev uas tsom rau kev siv cov haujlwm rau kev tsim kho tshiab high-tech tsev cog khoom complexes, "Fedor Dereka, Minister of Agriculture thiab Processing Industry ntawm Krasnodar Territory, qhia Kommersant-Kuban.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev lag luam kws txawj, zus tau tej cov zaub tsev cog khoom nyob rau hauv lub Kuban yuav loj hlob mus rau 130-140 txhiab tons.
Raws li lub regional Ministry of Agriculture, 11 industrial high-tech tsev cog khoom complex nrog tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 240 hectares yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Kuban. Lawv suav txog 96% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm tsev cog khoom zaub hauv cheeb tsam. Cov thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov zaub tiv thaiv hauv av yog Dinskoy, Belorechensky, Timashevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Seversky koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab Krasnodar. "Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov tsev cog khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av nrog cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm tau ua kom muaj zog. Ntawm ntau cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ntau dua 70 kg ntawm zaub ib square meter, "kev pabcuam xovxwm ntawm lub tuam tsev qhia.
Yog li, ib qho ntawm cov tsev cog khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia "Green Line", muaj los ntawm cov khw muag khoom muag "Magnet", nyob rau hauv Dinsky thiab Tikhoretsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Krasnodar Territory. "Lub xyoo no peb cia siab tias yuav tau txais kev sau ntau ntxiv vim qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov peev txheej ntau lawm - txog 58 txhiab tons ntawm cucumbers thiab txiv lws suav ntawm ntau hom, suav nrog txiv lws suav thiab txiv lws suav, uas peb muab qhov tseem ceeb vim qhov muaj koob meej ntawm txoj haujlwm," lub tuam txhab xovxwm kev pabcuam hais tias.
Cov zaub ntsuab hauv tsuas yog 20 xyoo tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis tshua muaj raws caij nyoog rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm Russians txhua hnub. "Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zaub cog qoob loo hauv tebchaws Russia tau pib tom qab kev qhia txog cov zaub mov embargo hauv 2014. Ua ntej ntawd, kwv yees li ib lab tons ntawm zaub tau tuaj txhua xyoo los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Iran thiab lwm lub tebchaws," hais tias Yulia Tulupnikova, tus kws qhia ntawv laus ntawm lub Department of Economic Theory thiab World Economy ntawm Synergy University.
Tag nrho cov xim rau cucumbers
Cov qauv ntawm xyoo tas los no tau nthuav dav ntawm cov npe ntawm cov qoob loo cog qoob loo hauv cov av tiv thaiv, xov xwm kev pabcuam hauv cheeb tsam Ministry of Agriculture sau tseg. Yog hais tias ua ntej nws yog ib txwm txiv lws suav thiab cucumbers, hnub no nws yog kua txob, eggplant, zaub xam lav, zaub. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov zaub cog qoob loo kuj tau hloov pauv.
"Yog tias tsib xyoos dhau los cucumbers suav txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, hnub no tus lej no yog 50%. Cov nyiaj seem poob rau txiv lws suav - 48%, zaub ntsuab, thiab kua txob - 2%. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia txog qhov nce hauv cov txiv lws suav rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom noj zaub ntawm cov av kaw. Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev thov rau cov txiv lws suav hauv tsev tau nce, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txiv lws suav, ”tus xov xwm ntawm lub tuam tsev hais.
Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm lub koom haum "Greenhouses of Russia" Andrey Medvedev hais tias tam sim no muaj ntau overstocking ntawm kev ua lag luam nrog cucumbers. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias dib yog qhov loj hlob sai tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom lag luam rov qab sai. "Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag txhua tus neeg tsim khoom loj hlob ib hom cucumbers. Koj yuav tsis pom ntau yam khoom xaiv nyob qhov twg, "Mr. Medvedev qhia. Nws hais ntxiv tias kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tsis tau ua rau cov txiv lws suav hauv cheeb tsam, vim cov txiv lws suav ntev dua, nyuaj dua thiab kim dua kom loj hlob.
"Txiv kab ntxwv, eggplants thiab lwm yam zaub tsis tau saib xyuas txhua. Cov neeg ua lag luam tsis xav ncua sijhawm hauv lawv txoj kev lag luam rau kev them nyiaj qiv mus ntev uas tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no. Tag nrho cov no xav tau kev txhawb nqa, kev txhawb siab los ntawm lub xeev, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj, "hais tias Andrey Medvedev.
Natalia Davydenko, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Loj Hlob thiab Mushroom Loj ntawm Interagro, tau hais tias 70% ntawm cov kua txob qab zib tau siv los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau raug xa mus rau ntawm IV Agricultural Forum "Txiv Ntoo thiab Zaub ntawm Russia - 2022", muaj nyob rau hauv Sochi thaum kawg Lub Kaum Hli. . Yeej, cov kua txob qab zib tau coj los, raws li nws, los ntawm Ixayees, Qaib ntxhw thiab Tuam Tshoj. Ms. Davydenko paub tseeb tias nws yog qhov ua tau heev los hloov cov ntshuam ntawm cov qoob loo no nrog nws tus kheej ntau lawm, tab sis rau qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los daws ntau txoj haujlwm.
“Npaj hlob nyob rau hauv qhib thiab kaw hauv av, thiab tawm los txawv heev. Rau Russia, cultivation ntawm Sweet kua txob kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv greenhouses yog ntau haum. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom raug txwv los ntawm agrotechnical (cov nqi zog ua haujlwm siab thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tsev cog khoom; tsis muaj kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb, tshuab rau plua plav thiab cov kab rau kev ua thiab ntim khoom) thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam (tsis muaj kab lis kev cai ntawm kev noj tas li. thiab tus nqi siab piv rau lwm yam zaub), ”—Ms. Davydenko hais.
Kev rau txim ntaus cov npoo
Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev rau txim siab rau Russia, cov tuam txhab lag luam tau ntsib nrog cov nqi nce rau cov khoom siv ntau lawm, yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov neeg muag khoom tshiab thiab lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom siv raw thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tawm hauv kev lag luam Lavxias, nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau hloov pauv. Hnub xa khoom, Yulia Tulupnikova xeev. "Kev lag luam me thiab ua liaj ua teb muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj," nws hais.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim feem ntau vim qhov sib koom siab ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws hauv kev tsim cov zaub ntsuab. Yog li, raws li Andrey Medvedev, yuav luag 80% ntawm cov noob, 60% ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv nroj tsuag, 70% ntawm bumblebees rau pollination yog txawv teb chaws. Cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov qoob loo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv roj-piston rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej tswj kev nyab xeeb, kev txheeb xyuas thiab cov khoom ntim khoom, tau dhau los ua kim thiab nyuaj rau kev nkag.
Ib yam yog hais nyob rau hauv xovxwm kev pab cuam ntawm lub khw muag khoom saw "Magnet". "Lub xyoo no peb muaj teeb meem nrog kev yuav cov noob, chiv, cog biosecurity, spare qhov chaw. Peb daws lawv los ntawm kev tsim thiab nthuav kev koom tes nrog cov neeg xa khoom hauv tsev, nrog rau tsim cov khoom siv lwm txoj hauv kev, "lub tuam txhab hais.
Qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv, kev thauj mus los ua rau cov nqi ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nce ntxiv, uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom.
"Tam sim no, vim muaj kev sau qoob loo zoo, kev nce nqi zaub yog yuav luag tsis pom. Cia peb hais tias txiv lws suav raug nqi ib yam li niaj hnub no li xyoo tas los, ”Yulia Tulupnikova hais. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov marginality ntawm tsev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo tau txo qis hauv 2022.
Cov zaub xav tau kev txhawb nqa
Kev tsim cov zaub ntsuab hauv tebchaws Russia tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua. "Yog tias qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txuas ntxiv mus, thaum kawg ntawm 2022 kev sau qoob loo yuav muaj txog 1.5 lab tons, uas yog 7% ntau dua li xyoo 2021, thiab qhov no yuav hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv xyoo tas los. Qhov nce ntawm cov khoom ntim tau ua tiav ob qho tib si vim qhov kev taw qhia ntawm thaj chaw tshiab, thiab vim qhov nce ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, "Yulia Tulupnikova kwv yees. Nws hais ntxiv tias nyob rau hauv Krasnodar Territory, zaub ntau lawm tau nce los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm tsib xyoos dhau los.
Muaj tag nrho cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob hauv tsev cog zaub hauv Kuban, hais tias Maria Zakatova, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam ntawm lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb NTech. “Qhov no yog ob qho tib si huab cua zoo thiab cov av fertile. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov nyiaj pab los ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev them nyiaj rov qab rau kev tsim tsev cog khoom rau cog zaub ntawm cov av tiv thaiv, uas them rau 25% ntawm cov nqi tsim kho, "hais tias Ms. Zakatova.
Rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom cov tsev cog khoom ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm thaj av, siv cov cua kub kom zoo, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa rau cov liaj teb me thiab nruab nrab.
"Muaj cov nyiaj qiv nyiaj, muaj kev them nqi, tseem muaj nyiaj them rau ib feem ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob thaum siv teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev cog khoom. Muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas, tab sis lawv tsis raug tsom los ntawm hom khoom, "hais tias Andrey Medvedev. Nws qhia meej tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no tsis muaj peev txheej qiv nyiaj txaus los txhawb kev ua haujlwm. "Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb tsis tsuas yog kev tsim vaj tsev cog khoom, raws li nws tau ua tiav niaj hnub no, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntau yam zaub. Kev txhawb nqa hauv xeev tsis yog xaiv. Nws tsis txhawb kev cog qoob loo ntawm qee yam khoom, uas tsis txaus hauv lub tebchaws, "hais txog Mr. Medvedev.
Los ntawm txoj kev, lub koom haum "Greenhouses ntawm Russia" nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis tau thov mus rau Prime Minister ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation Mikhail Mishustin nrog rau ib lub tswv yim rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, kev ntsuas ntawm lub xeev kev txhawb nqa. Hauv particular, qhov no yog ib qho kev nce rau hauv kev txwv ntawm kev qiv nyiaj luv luv mus rau 1.5 billion rubles, nce nyiaj them rau cov tsev qiv nyiaj rau lub sijhawm luv luv thiab peev qiv rau 100% ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm Central Bank ntawm Lavxias. Federation; kev tsim cov nyiaj so koobtsheej hnub so rau lub sijhawm 1 xyoos kom them rov qab cov peev nyiaj qiv thaum tswj hwm tus nqi nyiam, them nyiaj rau ib feem ntawm cov nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom raw, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig, thiab lwm yam.
Kev pabcuam xovxwm ntawm Magnit cov khw muag khoom ntxiv hais tias kev ua tiav ntawm cov zaub cog qoob loo, thiab lwm yam, nyob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw xws li kev yug me nyuam thiab cov noob qoob loo, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov tsev kawm qib siab ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm. kev ua si.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab sau tseg qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg cog zaub. "Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev cog khoom ua haujlwm feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm no. Txhawm rau kaw qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij no, Magnit siv ntau hom kev txhawb nqa kom khaws cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no, tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov thawj tswj hwm, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, tsis tu ncua ua cov neeg ua haujlwm txaus siab tshawb fawb, nyiam cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm KubGAU. Piv txwv li, kev sib tw tau tuav nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv rau kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim khoom nrog kev them nyiaj txhawb nqa thiab nyiaj pub dawb ntawm tus kheej los ntawm cov khw muag khoom, "lub tuam txhab hais. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas ntawm lub xeev.
Margarita Sinkevich
Qhov chaw: https://www.kommersant.ru